Water Quality

Chemical, physical, microbiological water properties, water-licence criteria

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Research Strategy and Project Proposal Guidelines (WKSS, August 1997)
28 August 1997Report
This document establishes research strategy and project proposal guidelines for the West Kitikmeot/Slave Study Society, a five-year collaborative study initiated in 1996 to collect baseline environmental, ecological, and socio-economic information for the Slave Geological Province in the Northwest Territories to support informed decision-making regarding development impacts. It provides detailed instructions for researchers submitting project proposals, selection criteria, and requirements for integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research.
Traditional Knowledge Monitoring Wildlife
Terms of Reference for Groundwater Study, Ekati Diamond Mine (MVLWB, August to October 1997)
1997Report
Ground Water Studies binder for the Ekati Diamond Mine (1997). Includes Piteau Associates' review (August 19 1997) of BHP's Proposed Terms of Reference for the Groundwater Study (transmitted to Tony Pearse, IEMA), Gordon (NWT Water Board) correspondence to Jim Excell (BHP) under Water Register N7L2-1616 (October 27 1997), and 3D Groundwater Model methodology — periodic GIS-based comparison and calibration with Operational Plan data, geologic mapping inputs, freshet-volume dewatering buffer, characterization of pre-mining regional gradients with discharge to Long Lake and Kodiak Lake, and fault-zone discrete-flow modelling in 2D vs 3D.
Water Quality Monitoring Regulatory Correspondence Development Plans
Ecological Change in the Hudson Bay Bioregion, Northern Perspectives Newsletter Vol. 25 No. 1 (CARC, Summer 1997)
1 June 1997Report
This newsletter issue documents traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of Inuit and Cree peoples in the Hudson Bay bioregion, compiled in the book 'Voices from the Bay.' It presents detailed observations of environmental changes, sea ice conditions, wildlife populations, and ecosystem dynamics accumulated through generations of land-based living, alongside critiques of resource development projects including hydroelectric dams and mining operations.
Traditional Knowledge Wildlife Water Quality Caribou Monitoring
Review of BHP's Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan (Microbial Technologies, June 1997)
1997Report
Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency (IEMA) Report on Review of BHP's Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan, including INAC (June 19 1997, Yellowknife) commentary on inadequate/incomplete sections, federal-department-review participants (Environment Canada / DOE, Department of Fisheries and Oceans / DFO including Canadian Coast Guard, NRCan), Section 7.4 monitoring at the earliest stage, missing intra-site road environmental-protection construction measures, Section 6.2.3 significant-wildlife-sighting reporting protocol, and Linda Dunsmore commentary on regulatory scrutiny and twenty-five-year retrospective data accumulation.
Development Plans Environmental Agreement Regulatory
Special Effects Monitoring Program (SEMP), Kodiak Lake, Binder, Ekati Diamond Mine (BHP Billiton, April 1997 – April 2002)
1997Letter
The Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency provides detailed comments and recommendations on BHP Billiton's 2001 Aquatics and Wildlife Effects Monitoring Programs (AEMP and WEMP) and February 2002 environmental workshops, addressing improvements in reporting, monitoring protocols, data analysis, and Aboriginal participation.
Aquatics Aquatic Effects Monitoring (AEMP)Wildlife
The Trees all Changed to Wood: Dogrib Elders' Traditional Knowledge of the Rayrock Uranium Mine (Dogrib Treaty 11 Council, March 1997)
1 March 1997Report
This report documents Dogrib elders' traditional knowledge and observations of environmental change at the abandoned Rayrock uranium mine site in the Northwest Territories before, during, and after mine operations (1957-1959). The Dogrib Renewable Resources Committee presents interviews with 50 elders describing the healthy ecosystem prior to mining, the contamination and ecological destruction during operations, and ongoing environmental and health impacts, arguing that indigenous harvesters should have monitored mining activities on their traditional territory.
Traditional Knowledge Yellowknives Dene Water Quality
Identifying Research Priorities to Refine the West Kitikmeot/Slave Study (WKSS) Research Framework, Final Report (GeoNorth & Axys Environmental, March 1997)
1 March 1997Report
This final report documents the West Kitikmeot Slave Study's research framework refinement process, identifying priority research questions to assess cumulative environmental and socioeconomic effects of mineral development in the region through workshops and consultation with multiple stakeholders.
Traditional Knowledge Development Plans Monitoring Water Quality Air Quality
Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan, NWT Diamonds Project (BHP Billiton, February 1997)
1 February 1997Report
BHP Diamonds Inc.'s Construction Phase Environmental Management Plan (Version 1.0, February 1997) outlines comprehensive strategies and mitigation measures for managing environmental impacts during the construction of the NWT Diamonds Project (Ekati), covering air quality, materials management, waste management, wildlife protection, traffic control, and environmental monitoring from January 1997 through October 1998.
Development Plans Air Quality Wildlife
Environmental Agreement Negotiation Record, Ekati Diamond Mine (Multiple parties, 1997)
6 January 1997Regulatory Filing
A legally binding environmental agreement dated January 6, 1997 between Canada, the Government of the Northwest Territories, and BHP Diamonds Inc. (on behalf of itself and the Blackwater Group) establishing the Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency and setting out comprehensive environmental management, monitoring, reporting, and closure requirements for the Ekati Diamond Mine project near Lac de Gras in the Northwest Territories.
Environmental Agreement Closure & Reclamation Monitoring
The Failure of Environmental Assessment in Canada (Andrew Nikiforuk, January 1997)
1 January 1997Report
This 1997 report by Andrew Nikiforuk, commissioned by the Walter & Duncan Gordon Foundation, critically examines the failures of federal environmental assessment in Canada. The document argues that the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act (CEAA) has become a flawed, politically discretionary process that violates basic EA principles, using the BHP diamond mine in the Northwest Territories as a primary case study of systemic failures in assessment rigor, independence, and compliance.
Development Plans Regulatory Environmental Agreement Traditional Knowledge Water Quality Wildlife
Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Inuit and Cree in the Hudson Bay Bioregion, Voices from the Bay (Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, 1997)
~1997Report
Approximate date — inferred from filename
This comprehensive research report documents the traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) of Inuit and Cree peoples regarding environmental changes in the Hudson Bay and James Bay bioregion. Compiled from three years of community-based research involving 78 participants from 28 communities, the report records indigenous knowledge about seasonal cycles, marine currents, sea ice conditions, wildlife behavior, and ecosystem components, alongside observations of environmental changes caused by industrial development including hydroelectric projects, mining, and shipping.
Traditional Knowledge Community-Based Monitoring Wildlife Caribou
Transportation Spill Contingency Plan, NWT Diamonds Project (BHP Billiton, January 1997)
1 January 1997Report
BHP Diamonds Inc.'s Transportation Spill Contingency Plan for the NWT Diamond Project outlines emergency procedures, response protocols, and cleanup strategies for hazardous material spills occurring along the 600+ km transportation corridor from the Alberta/NWT border to the Lac de Gras project site, covering petroleum products, chemicals, and compressed gases with specified response actions for different environmental conditions.
Development Plans Regulatory Wastewater Correspondence Water Quality
Environmental Programs, Ekati Diamond Mine (BHP Billiton, 1997)
~1997Report
Approximate date — inferred from filename
BHP's 1997 environmental programs document outlines monitoring and research initiatives required under water licenses, fisheries authorizations, and environmental agreements for the NWT Diamonds Project (Ekati mine), including fish removal, water quality monitoring, wildlife studies, and five Phase II Traditional Knowledge programs conducted with Aboriginal groups in the Northwest Territories.
Monitoring Traditional Knowledge Water Quality
BHP Environmental Report 97, Covering Fiscal Year 1995 to 1996 (BHP Billiton, 1997)
~1997Report
Approximate date — inferred from filename
BHP's first comprehensive public environmental report covering fiscal year 1995-96, detailing the company's environmental policies, management systems, and performance across its four main business divisions (Minerals, Copper, Steel, and Petroleum) operating in 70 countries, with specific focus on emissions, discharges, resource consumption, and community engagement initiatives.
Development Plans Air Quality Water Quality Wildlife
Land Use Permit and Water Licence Inspection Reports, Ekati Diamond Mine (DIAND, 1997 to 1998)
1997–1998Report
Land Use Permit and Water Licence Inspection Reports 1997-1999 binder, compiled by the Independent Environmental Monitoring Agency from Indian and Northern Affairs Canada (DIAND, Yellowknife Airport) inspectors for BHP Diamonds Inc. under Water Licence N7L2-1616 (Industrial Water Use Inspection Reports — Luci Davis BHP Co. Rep, Inspector contacts at 669-2763). Includes Spill 97-250 follow-up reports and TAIGA Environmental Laboratory (Department of Indian Affairs & Northern Development, 4601-52nd Ave Yellowknife) chemistry results sent to Darren Unrau (Water Resources Yellowknife).
Regulatory Water Licence Inspections Water Quality
Draft Water Licence N7L2-1616 Comments, Access to Information Release (DFO, December 1996 to February 1997)
1996Letter
Access to Information Request binder including Northwest Territories Water Board (NWT Water Board, February 27 1997) letter to Kevin O'Reilly (Research Director, Canadian Arctic Resources Committee / CARC, Yellowknife), and the Water Licence Review (December 1996 – December 1998) for the BHP Diamonds Project. MES L / SFF (Morwijk Enterprises Ltd. / Steffen Robertson and Kirsten) recommendations include refining the definition of Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) — proposal to replace "ARD" with "non-neutral drainage" consistent with Abandonment & Restoration (A&R) plan terminology, SNP site 1616-17 runoff specification, conditions applying to dewatering, and dispute resolution.
Regulatory Water Licence Correspondence Waste Rock Aquatics
Australian Minerals Industry Code for Environmental Management (Minerals Council of Australia, December 1996)
1 December 1996Report
The Australian Minerals Industry Code for Environmental Management (December 1996) is a voluntary framework for mining companies to demonstrate environmental excellence through integrated management systems, community partnerships, continual improvement, and public reporting across all phases of mineral development from exploration to decommissioning.
Development Plans Closure & Reclamation Environmental Agreement Waste Rock Water Quality
Environmental Baseline Assessment, Bear Tooth and Bear Claw Lakes, Koala Property, Ekati Diamond Mine (BHP Billiton, 1996)
1 December 1996Report
Environmental baseline assessment of Bear Tooth and Bear Claw Lakes on BHP Diamonds Inc.'s Koala mineral claim, documenting bathymetry, hydrology, water chemistry, sediment composition, and aquatic fauna to support regulatory approvals for exploratory drilling. The assessment concludes that the proposed development presents little potential for significant physical and biological environmental impacts.
Monitoring Aquatics Aquatic Effects Monitoring (AEMP)
Meteorology, Hydrology, Water Quality & Fisheries and Aquatic Life Environmental Data Report, Ekati Diamond Mine (BHP Billiton, December 1996)
1 December 1996Report
This 1996 environmental data report documents baseline monitoring results for meteorology, hydrology, water quality, and aquatic life in the Koala watershed at the BHP Diamonds Project (Ekati mine) in the Northwest Territories. Key findings include above-average precipitation in 1996 (particularly August), corresponding high stream flows in late summer, water quality characterized by slightly acidic low-turbidity conditions, and fish populations in monitoring lakes dominated by round whitefish and lake trout with minor disturbance signals in Kodiak Lake related to mining activities.
Monitoring Water Quality Aquatics
Public Hearing Transcript Continuation, Type A Water Licence Application, NWT Diamonds Project (MVLWB, October 1996)
21 October 1996Report
Northwest Territories Water Board public hearing continuation on October 21-22, 1996 regarding BHP Diamonds Inc.'s application for a Type A water licence for the NWT Diamonds Project near Lac de Gras. Hearing includes presentations from Dogrib Treaty #11 Council Elders and technical experts, government agencies, and other stakeholders addressing environmental, fisheries, caribou migration, and Aboriginal rights concerns.
Regulatory Water Licence Traditional Knowledge

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