Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nitrate to Early Life Stages of Lake Whitefish and Lake Trout, Draft Report (BHP Billiton, June 2004)
Laboratory toxicity study examining acute and chronic effects of nitrate exposure on early life stages (embryos, alevins, swim-up fry) of lake whitefish and lake trout collected from the Ekati Diamond Mine region and Lake Simcoe, Ontario. The study determined NOECs, LOECs, and LC50 values for nitrate and found that lake whitefish were more sensitive to chronic nitrate exposure than lake trout, with early developmental stages showing sublethal effects at concentrations as low as 6.25–25 mg/L NO3-N.